Legal Institutions - Word Field

source: Thesaurus-111edited by Miguel Filgueiras

Legality. - N. legality; legitimacy, legitimateness.

legislature; law, code, corpus juris[Lat], constitution, pandect[obs3], charter, enactment, statute, rule; canon &c. (precept) Precept; ordinance, institution, regulation; bylaw, byelaw; decree &c. (order) Command; ordonnance[obs3]; standing order; plebiscite &c. (choice) Choice.

legal process; form, formula, formality; rite, arm of the law; habeas corpus; fieri facias[Lat].

[Science of law] jurisprudence, nomology[obs3]; legislation, codification.

equity, common law; lex[Lat], lex nonscripta[Lat][obs3]; law of nations, droit des gens[Fr], international law, jus gentium[Lat]; jus civile[Lat]; civil law, canon law, crown law, criminal law, statute law, ecclesiastical law, administrative law; lex mercatoria[Lat].

constitutionalism, constitutionality; justice &c. Right.

[institution for deciding questions of law] court, tribunal &c. Tribunal.

[person who presides at a court or tribunal] judge &c. Judge.

[specialist in questions of law] lawyer, attorney, legal counsel &c. Lawyer.

V. legalize; enact, ordain; decree &c. (order) Command; pass a law, enact a regulation; legislate; codify, formulate; regulate.

Adj. legal, legitimate; according to law; vested, constitutional, chartered, legalized; lawful &c. (permitted) Permission; statutable[obs3], statutory; legislatorial, legislative; regulatory, regulated.

Adv. legally &c. adj.; in the eye of the law; de jure[Lat].

Phr. ignorantia legis neminem excusat[Latin: ignorance of the law is no excuse]; "where law ends tyranny begins" [Earl of Chatham].

 # 964. [Absence or violation of law] Illegality. - N. lawlessness; illicitness; breach of law, violation of law, infraction of the law; disobedience &c. Disobedience; unconformity &c. Unconformity.

arbitrariness &c. adj.; antinomy, violence, brute force, despotism, outlawry.

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c. adj. have a longing &c. n.; hope &c. Hope.

mob law, lynch law, club law, Lydford law, martial law, drumhead law; coup d'etat[Fr]; le droit du plus fort[Fr]; argumentum baculinum[obs3][Lat].

illegality, informality, unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister.

trover and conversion[Law]; smuggling, poaching; simony.

[person who violates the law] outlaw, bad man &c. Bad Man.

v. offend against the law; violate the law, infringe the law, break the law; set the law at defiance, ride roughshod over, drive a coach and six through a statute; ignore the law, make the law a dead letter, take the law into one's own hands.

smuggle, run, poach.

Adj. illegal[contrary to law], unlawful, illegitimate; not allowed, prohibited &c. Prohibition; illicit, contraband; actionable.

unwarranted, unwarrantable; unauthorized; informal, unofficial; injudicial[obs3], extrajudicial.

lawless, arbitrary; despotic, despotical[obs3]; corrupt, summary, irresponsible; unanswerable, unaccountable.

[of invalid or expired law] expired, invalid; unchartered, unconstitutional; null and void; a dead letter.

[in absence of law] lawless, unregulated Adv. illegally &c. adj.; with a high hand, in violation of law.

 # 965. Jurisdiction. [Executive] - N. jurisdiction, judicature, administration of justice, soc; executive, commission of the peace; magistracy &c. (authority) Authority.

judge &c. Judge; tribunal &c. Tribunal; municipality, corporation, bailiwick, shrievalty[Brit]; lord lieutenant, sheriff, shire reeve, shrieve[obs3], constable; selectman; police, police force, the fuzz [sarcastic]; constabulary, bumbledom[obs3], gendarmerie[Fr].

officer, bailiff, tipstaff, bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle; policeman, cop [coll.], police constable, police sergeant; sbirro[obs3], alguazil[obs3], gendarme, kavass[obs3], lictor[obs3], mace bearer, huissier[Fr], bedel[obs3]; tithingman[obs3].

press gang; exciseman[obs3], gauger, gager[obs3], customhouse officer, douanier[Fr].

coroner, edile[obs3], aedile[obs3], portreeve[obs3], paritor[Obs]; posse comitatus[Lat].

bureau, cutcherry[obs3], department, secretariat.

[extension of jurisdiction] long arm of the law, extradition.

V. judge, sit in judgment; extradite.

Adj. executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical[obs3]; judicatory[obs3], judiciary, judicial; juridical.

Adv. coram judice[Lat].

 # 966. Tribunal. - N. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory[obs3]; court of justice, court of law, court of arbitration, administrative court; inquisition; guild.

justice seat; judgment seat, mercy seat; woolsack[obs3]; bar of justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau, drumhead; jury box, witness box.

senate house, town hall, theater; House of Commons, House of Lords; statehouse [U. S.], townhouse.

assize, eyre; wardmote[obs3], burghmote[obs3]; barmote[obs3]; superior courts of Westminster; court of record, court oyer and terminer[Law], court assize, court of appeal, court of error; High court of Judicature, High court of Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council; Star Chamber; Court of Chancery, Court of King's or Queen's Bench, Court of Exchequer, Court of Common Pleas, Court of Probate, Court of Arches, Court of

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c. adj. have a longing &c. n.; hope &c. Hope.

Admiralty; Lords Justices' court, Rolls court, Vice Chancellor's court, Stannary court[obs3], Divorce court, Family court, Palatine court, county court, district court, police court; sessions; quarter sessions, petty sessions; court-leet[Fr], court-baron, court of pie poudre[Fr], court of common council; board of green cloth.

court martial; drumhead court martial; durbar[obs3], divan; Areopagus[obs3]; Irota.

Adj. judicial &c. Jurisdiction [Executive]; appellate.

Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltgericht[Ger].

 # 967. Judge. - N. judge; justice, justiciar[obs3], justiciary[obs3]; chancellor; justice of assize, judge of assize; recorder, common sergeant; puisne judge, assistant judge, county court judge; conservator of the peace, justice of the peace; J.P.; court &c. (tribunal) Tribunal; magistrate, police magistrate, beak*; his worship, his honor, his lordship.

jury, twelve men in a box.

Lord Chancellor, Lord Justice; Master of the Rolls, Vice Chancellor; Lord Chief Justice, Chief Baron; Mr. Justice, Associate Justice, Chief Justice; Baron, Baron of the Exchequer.

jurat[Lat], assessor; arbiter, arbitrator; umpire; referee, referendary[obs3]; revising barrister; domesman[obs3]; censor &c. (critic) Judgment [Conclusion]; barmaster[obs3], ephor[obs3]; grand juror, grand juryman; juryman, talesman.

archon, tribune, praetor, syndic, podesta[obs3], mollah[obs3], ulema, mufti, cadi[obs3], kadi[obs3]; Rhadamanthus[obs3].

litigant &c. (accusation) Accusation.

V. adjudge &c. (determine) Judgment [Conclusion]; try a case, try a prisoner.

Adj. judicial &c. Jurisdiction [Executive].

Phr. "a Daniel come to judgment" [Merchant of Venice].

 # 968. Lawyer. - N. lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel, counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist, legist[obs3], civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult[Lat], legal adviser, advocate; barrister, barrister at law; King's or Queen's counsel; K.C.; Q.C.; silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman[obs3], judge &c. Judge.

bar, legal profession, bar association, association of trial lawyers; officer of the court; gentleman of the long robe; junior bar, outer bar, inner bar; equity draftsman, conveyancer, pleader, special pleader.

solicitor, proctor; notary, notary public; scrivener, cursitor[obs3]; writer, writer to the signet; S.S.C.; limb of the law; pettifogger; vakil[obs3].

legal beagle [coll.].

[persons accessory to lawyers] legal secretary; legal assistant; law student.

V. practice law, practice at the bar, practice within the bar; plead; call to the bar, be called to the bar, be called within the bar; take silk; take to the law.

give legal counsel, provide legal counsel.

Adj. learned in the law; at the bar; forensic; esquire, esquired.

Phr. banco regis[Lat].

 # 969. Lawsuit. - N. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in law; dispute &c. Discord.

citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment; accusation &c. Accusation; presentment, true bill, indictment.

apprehension, arrest; committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) Restraint.

writ, summons, subpoena, latitat[obs3], nisi prius[Lat]; venire, venire facias pleadings[Lat]; declaration, bill, claim; proces verbal[Fr]; bill of right, information, corpus delicti; affidavit, state of facts; answer,

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c. adj. have a longing &c. n.; hope &c. Hope.

reply, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder; surrebutter[obs3], surrejoinder[obs3].

suitor, party to a suit; plaintiff, defendant, litigant &c. Accusation.

hearing, trial; verdict &c. (judgment) Judgment [Conclusion]; appeal, appeal motion; writ of error; certiorari[Lat].

case; decision, precedent; decided case, reports (legal reference works, see reference books).

V. go to law, appeal to the law; bring to justice, bring to trial, bring to the bar; put on trial, pull up; accuse &c. Accusation; prefer a claim, file a claim &c.n.; take the law of, inform against.

serve with a writ, cite, apprehend, arraign, sue, prosecute, bring an action against, indict, impeach, attach, distrain, commit; arrest; summon, summons; give in charge &c. (restrain) Restraint.

empanel a jury, implead[obs3], join issue; close the pleadings; set down for hearing.

try, hear a cause; sit in judgment; adjudicate &c. Judgment [Conclusion].

Adj. litigious &c. (quarrelsome) Discord; qui tam; coram judice[Lat], sub judice[Lat].

Adv. pendente lite[Lat].

Phr. adhuc sub judice lis est[Lat]; accedas ad curiam[Lat]; transeat in exemplum[Lat].

 # 970. Acquittal. - N. acquittal, acquitment[obs3]; clearance, exculpation; acquittance, clearance, exoneration; discharge &c. (release) Liberation; quietus, absolution, compurgation[obs3], reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgiveness) Forgiveness.

[Exemption from punishment] impunity; diplomatic immunity; immunity; plea bargain, deal with the prosecutor.

[in civil suits] no cause for action; no damages.

V. acquit, exculpate, exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash, assoil[obs3]; discharge, release; liberate &c. Liberation.

reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgive) Forgiveness; let off, let off scot- free.

drop the charges.

plea bargain, strike a deal.

no-cause[in civil suits][transitive]; get no-caused[intransitive].

Adj. acquitted &c. v.; uncondemned, unpunished, unchastised.

not guilty; not proven.

not liable.

Phr. nemo bis punitur pro codem delicto[Lat][obs3].

 # 971. Condemnation. - N. condemnation, conviction, judgment, penalty, sentence; proscription, damnation; death warrant.

attainder, attainture[obs3], attaintment[obs3].

V. condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom, sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint, confiscate, proscribe, sequestrate; nonsuit[obs3].

disapprove &c. Disapprobation; accuse &c. Accusation.

stand condemned.

Adj. condemnatory, damnatory[obs3]; guilty, condemned &c.v.; nonsuited &c. (failure) Failure[obs3]; self-convicted.

Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur[Lat]; "unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved" [P.L.].

 # 972. Punishment. - N. punishment,punition[obs3]; chastisement, chastening; correction, castigation.

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c. adj. have a longing &c. n.; hope &c. Hope.

discipline, infliction, trial; judgment; penalty &c. Penalty; retribution; thunderbolt, Nemesis; requital &c. (reward) Reward; penology; retributive justice.

lash, scaffold &c. (instrument of punishment) Scourge [Instrument of punishment]; imprisonment &c. (restraint) Restraint; transportation, banishment, expulsion, exile, involuntary exile, ostracism; penal servitude, hard labor; galleys &c. Scourge [Instrument of punishment]; beating &c.v.; flagellation, fustigation[obs3], gantlet, strappado[obs3], estrapade[obs3], bastinado, argumentum baculinum[Lat][obs3], stick law, rap on the knuckles, box on the ear; blow &c. (impulse) Impulse; stripe, cuff, kick, buffet, pummel; slap, slap in the face; wipe, douse; coup de grace; torture, rack; picket, picketing; dragonnade[obs3].

capital punishment; execution; lethal injection; the gas chamber; hanging &c.v.; electrocution, rail-riding, scarpines[obs3]; decapitation, decollation[obs3]; garrotte, garrotto[It]; crucifixion, impalement; firing squad; martyrdom; auto-da-fe[Fr]; noyade[obs3]; happy dispatch.

[suicide as punishment] hara-kiri, seppuku [Japanese]; drinking the hemlock.

V. punish; chastise, chasten; castigate, correct, inflict punishment, administer correction, deal retributive justice; cowhide, lambaste*.

visit upon, pay; pay out, serve out; do for; make short work of, give a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of; have a rod in pickle for; give it one.

strike &c. Impulse; deal a blow to, administer the lash, smite; slap, slap the face; smack, cuff, box the ears, spank, thwack, thump, beat, lay on, swinge[obs3], buffet; thresh, thrash, pummel, drub, leather, trounce, sandbag, baste, belabor; lace, lace one's jacket; dress, dress down, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe, tund[obs3], cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, wallop, whop, flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick, switch, flagellate, horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub down with an oaken towel, rib roast, dust one's jacket, fustigate[obs3], pitch into, lay about one, beat black and blue; beat to a mummy, beat to a jelly; give a black eye.

tar and feather; pelt, stone, lapidate[obs3]; masthead, keelhaul.

execute; bring to the block, bring to the gallows; behead, decapitate, guillotine; decollate; hang, turn off, gibbet, bowstring, hang draw and quarter; shoot; decimate; burn; break on the wheel, crucify; empale[obs3], impale; flay; lynch; electrocute; gas, send to the gas chamber.

torture; put on, put to the rack; picket.

banish, exile, transport, expel, ostracize; rusticate; drum out; dismiss, disbar, disbench[obs3]; strike off the roll, unfrock; post.

suffer, suffer for, suffer punishment; be flogged.

be executed, suffer the ultimate penalty; be hanged &c., come to the gallows, mount the gallows, swing [coll.], twist in the wind, dance upon nothing, die in one's shoes; be rightly served; be electrocuted, fry [coll.], ride the lightning [coll.]; face the firing squad.

Adj. punishing &c. v.; penal; punitory[obs3], punitive; inflictive, castigatory; punished &c.v.

Int. a la lanterne[Fr]! Phr. culpan paena premit comes [Lat][Horace]; "eating the bitter bread of banishment" [Richard II]; gravis ira regum est semper [Lat][Seneca]; sera tamen tacitis paena venit pedibus [Lat][Tibullus]; suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Lat][Terence].

 # 973. Reward. - N. reward, recompense, remuneration, meed, guerdon[obs3], reguerdon[Obs]; price.

[payment for damage or debt] indemnity, indemnification; quittance; compensation; reparation, redress, satisfaction; reckoning, acknowledgment,

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c. adj. have a longing &c. n.; hope &c. Hope.

requital, amends, sop; atonement, retribution; consideration, return, quid pro quo.

salvage, perquisite; vail &c. (donation) Giving[obs3].

douceur[Fr], bribe; hush money, smart money[Obs]!; blackmail, extortion; carcelage[Obs]; solatium[obs3].

allowance, salary, stipend, wages, compensation; pay, payment; emolument; tribute; batta[obs3], shot, scot; bonus, premium, tip; fee, honorarium; hire; dasturi[obs3], dustoori[obs3]; mileage.

crown &c. (decoration of honor) Title.

V. reward, recompense, repay, requite; remunerate, munerate[obs3]; compensate; fee; pay one's footing &c. (pay) Payment; make amends, indemnify, atone; satisfy, acknowledge.

get for one's pains, reap the fruits of.

tip.

Adj. remunerative, remuneratory; munerary[obs3], compensatory, retributive, reparatory[obs3]; rewarding; satisfactory.

Phr. fideli certa merces[Lat]; honor virtutis praemium [Lat][Cicero]; tibi seris tibi metis[Lat].

 # 974. Penalty. - N. penalty; retribution &c. (punishment) Punishment; pain, pains and penalties; weregild[obs3], wergild; peine forte et dure[Fr]; penance &c. (atonement) Atonement; the devil to pay.

fine, mulct, amercement; forfeit, forfeiture; escheat[Law], damages, deodand[obs3], sequestration, confiscation, premunire[Lat]; doomage [obs3][U. S.].

V. fine, mulct, amerce, sconce, confiscate; sequestrate, sequester; escheat[Law]; estreat[obs3], forfeit.

 # 975. [Instrument of punishment] Scourge. - N. scourge, rod, cane, stick; ratan[obs3], rattan; birch, birch rod; azote[obs3], blacksnake[obs3], bullwhack [obs3][U. S.], chicote[obs3], kurbash[obs3], quirt, rawhide, sjambok[obs3]; rod in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel, truncheon.

whip, bullwhip, lash, strap, thong, cowhide, knout; cat, cat o'nine tails; rope's end.

pillory, stocks, whipping post; cucking stool[obs3], ducking stool; brank[obs3]; trebuchet[obs3], trebuket[obs3].

triangle[instruments of torture: list], wooden horse, iron maiden, thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel; chinese water torture.

treadmill, crank, galleys.

scaffold; block, ax, guillotine; stake; cross; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter, bowstring; death chair, electric chair; gas chamber; lethal injection; firing squad; mecate[obs3].

house of correction &c. (prison) Prison [Means of restraint].